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An important goal in the field of analytical chemistry is to achieve continous improvement in the analysis of toxic pollutants, e.g., pesticides. Pesticides are widespread throughout the world. The composition of pesticide mixtures occurring in environmental samples depends on geographical area, season of the year, number of farms, and quantity and intensity of use of plant-protection agents. The variety of their mixtures in different matrices, for example, rivers, fruits and vegetables, medicinal plants, is very large. Sometimes, a monodimensional chromatographic separation is not sufficient to resolve all the components of interest of multicomponent mixtures. The problem of peak overlapping may occur, and a preseparation of the sample is often necessary. This pre-separation aims at reducing the complexity of the original matrix, by isolating simpler fractions from the original mixture. The fractions should contain the same amounts of the analytes as in the whole sample, ready for analysis and free from substances that can interfere during the chromatographic analysis. Multidimensional chromatography brings together separations often based on different selectivity mechanisms. Multidimensional or comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography (GCxGC) is a relatively new technique that can analyze multicomponent samples on different GC phases in the same analysis. GCxGC has a number of advantages over single column techniques. In this mode, two different chromatographic columns are connected in series through a modulator, which traps the analytes eluting from the primary column and re-injects them in small compressed packets onto the secondary column. Columns coupled in series provide better separation of components of sample through different physical and chemical properties (e.g., boiling point/polarity versus shape selection) in the two steps. The GCxGC provides much better chromatographic resolution and peak capacity than single column system. GCxGC can also be used as screening method for various groups of pesticides. Multidimensional liquid chromatography also represents a powerful tool and alternative procedure to classical one-dimensional HPLC methods with optimum efficiency and selectivity for the separation of the component of interest, while simultaneously minimizing

Determination of Pesticides in Complex Samples by One Dimensional (1D-), Two-Dimensional (2D-) and Multidimensional Chromatography