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Nitrogen is one of the essential elements most required by plants and, for this reason, large amounts are applied for agricultural production; as consequence, N is one of the nutrients that most impacts the environment. The use of nitrogenated fertilizers and the use of residual waters as sources of nutrients for crops have increased production remarkably; however, a large part of the N supplied by fertilizers or residual waters is not recuperated in the harvest, primarily due to losses through filtration to the ground, although there are also losses to the atmosphere that have an impact on the stratosphere and participate in the greenhouse effect (Bergstrom et al., 2001; Oron, et al., 1999). The continuous growth of the world population, together with industrial and agricultural activities to increase the food supply, as well as consecutive drought during the last years, have caused the consumption of existing water resources; a phenomenon that reaches its greatest expression in arid and semiarid regions. Therefore, any source of water that can be utilized and is financially profitable must be taken into account to promote a greater development in regions with limited sources of water. It is worth mentioning that treated residual water can be used for agriculture. However, the residual water supply is not always treated (Wang et al., 2007, Kiziloglu et al., 2007). independently of the nutrient contribution to crops, where N is one of the main ones.

Using Wastewater as a Source of N in Agriculture: Emissions of Gases and Reuse of Sludge on Soil Fertility