English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Fluid power is a term which was created to include the generation, control, and application of smooth, effective power of pumped or compressed fluids when this power is used to provide force and motion to mechanisms. Fluid power includes hydraulic, which involves liquids, and pneumatic, which involves gases. Hydraulic and pneumatic power offer many advantages over electric motors, especially for systems that require high speed linear travel, moving or holding heavy loads, or very smooth position or pressure control. Compared to other types, hydraulic and pneumatic actuators are smaller and quieter. They also produce less heat and electromagnetic interference (EMI) at the machine than do electric actuators, and in many cases, in particular with high performance hydraulic or pneumatic system, they offer the ability to build machines at considerable savings compared to machines employing purely electrical or mechanical motion (Chuang & Shiu, 2004; Knohl & Unbehauen, 2000). Hydraulic drives, thanks to their high power intensity, are low in weight and require a minimum of mounting space. They facilitate fast and accurate control of very high energies and forces. The hydraulic actuator (cylinder) represents a cost-effective and simply constructed linear drive. The combination of these advantages opens up a wide range of applications. The increase in automation makes it ever more necessary for pressure, flow rate, and flow direction in hydraulic systems to be controlled by means of an electrical control system. The obvious choice for this is hydraulic proportional valves (or servo valves) as an interface between controller and hydraulic system (Knohl & Unbehauen, 2000). The hydraulic actuator, usually a cylinder, provides the motion of the load attached to the hydraulic system. A control valve meters the fluid into the actuator as a spool traverses within the valve body. The control valve is either a servo valve or a proportional valve. In hydraulic control applications, proportional valves offer various advantages over servo valves (Eryilmaz &. Wilson, 2006). Proportional valves are much less expensive. They are more suitable for industrial environments because they are less prone to malfunction due to fluid contamination. In addition, since proportional valves do not contain sensitive, precision components, they are easier to handle and service. However, these advantages are offset by their nonlinear response characteristics. Since proportional valves have less precise manufacturing tolerances, they suffer from performance degradation. The larger tolerances 10

Pre-compensation for a Hybrid Fuzzy PID Control of a Proportional Hydraulic System