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Terrain elevation is a key input in numerous environmental applications and its quality plays a critical role in understanding various earth surface processes (Kenward et al., 2000; Clarke and Burnett, 2003; Neeson et al., 2008). Laser altimetry, also called lidar (light detection and ranging), is a frontier remote sensing technology for mapping earth surface elevation with high vertical resolving ability (Sun et al., 2003; Lefsky et al., 2005; Hofton et al., 2006; Chen, 2007; Simard et al., 2008).In recent years LIDAR has emerged as an important mapping tool and is finding a niche in GIS. LIDAR is a relatively new technological tool that can be used effectively in geospatial decision making. LIDAR is an acronym for Light Detection And Ranging and in some literature it is referred to as laser altimetry. A LIDAR system is composed of a laser scanning system, global positioning system (GPS), and an inertial measuring unit (IMU). Airborne LiDAR has established itself as a standard method for the acquisition of precise and reliable digital elevation data. The main application of airborne LiDAR technology is topographic surveying. Airborne LiDAR has found application in an increasing number of mapping and geo-data acquisition tasks. Apart from terrain information generation, applications such as automatic detection and modeling of objects like buildings, roads or vegetation for the generation of 3-D city models have been extensively explored. In the present chapter airborne Lidar data has been used for semiautomatic detection of buildings and roads.

LIDAR Remote Sensing Applications in Automated Urban Feature Extraction