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The interest on ionic liquids (ILs) began in the present century, because these compounds have many physico-chemical interesting properties to be one of the most promising new materials family for the development of the novel Green Chemical industry, where generated pollution would be negligible (Rogers & Seddon, 2002; Rogers et al., 2002). To develop the novel green processes in the chemical industry using ILs it is necessary to know and to understand the physical properties of the fluids to be used, both pure ILs as mixed with other solvents (Rogers & Seddon, 2005; Danek, 2006). This last is particularly important to develop one of the most promising uses of the ILs, as electrolytes for lithium batteries, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) and electrochemical processes (as deposition or metal recovery) (Ohno, 2005; Brennecke et al., 2007). Electrolytes are materials with free ions, which can move transporting electrical charge. They can be solid, liquid or even gaseous, but the most interesting for the chemical industries are liquid or gel. The use of a pure liquid as electrolyte is not very common, because the optimum efficiency in the charge transport process is given by a mixture of different substances, as it is well known for molten salt electrolytes (Danek, 2006). Furthermor, pure ILs have the problem of being very viscous at room temperature, and hence its electrical conductivity is relatively low. If we heat the IL those problems are minimized, because viscosity reduces and electrical conductivity increases, both exponentially. Usually pure ILs have a boiling temperature high enough to allow warming, although decomposition temperature is usually much lower (not higher than 400 K) (Rogers & Seddon, 2002). A much cheaper alternative to decrease viscosity and to increase electrical conductivity of the ionic liquid is to make a solution using a solvent. Thus, while viscosity decreases exponentially with the solvent molar fraction, electrical conductivity increases more than 10 times for a given IL + solvent concentration (Seddon et al., 2000). This last behaviour have been observed in aqueous solutions of metal salts, as aluminium halogen ones (Vila et al., 2005) and indicates that the increase of mobility of the IL ions is higher than the decrease of ion concentration when solvent is added, up to an optimum content. In spite of its interest, the measurement of the physical properties of IL mixtures begins in the present decade, and before 2005 the amount of papers published about it was scarce (Marsh et al., 2004). From that year the publication rhythm increased a lot, as can be

Physical Properties of Binary Mixtures of ILs with Water and Ethanol. A Review.