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Polymer nanocomposites are a class of materials that have properties that offer significant commercial potential. It was commonly defined as the combination of a polymer matrix resin and inclusions that have at least one dimension (i.e. length, width, or thickness) in the nanometer size range. There are many types of nanocomposites that have received significant research and development including polymer/inorganic particle, polymer/polymer, metal/ceramic, and inorganic based nanocomposites. These polymer hybrid nanocomposites have attracted great interest due to inorganic materials filled polymer composites often exhibit remarkable improvement in material properties with only a low percentage of inorganic materials. High degrees of stiffness, strength, conductivity and thermal resistance, etc. are realized with far less high density inorganic material, they are much lighter compared to conventional polymer composites. Many novel nanocomposites with improved performance properties, which may have large potential applications in the fields such as optics, electrical devices, and photoconductors were reported (Fleming et al., 2001; Luna-Xavier et al., 2001; Tiarks et al., 2001). The synthesis of polymer nanocomposites is normally carried out by the following methods. One is based on in-situ polymerization of monomers inside the galleries of the inorganic host (Messersmith & Giannelis, 1993). The other approach is based on melt intercalation of polymers and it involves annealing a mixture of the polymer and the inorganic host, statically or under shear, above the Tg of the polymer (Usuki et al., 1997; Vaia et al., 1995). The solventless melt intercalation is an environmentally friendly technique and is adoptable to existing processing like roll milling, extrusion and molding. The materials made via these two processes have been summarized. Other unique methods for blending polymers directly with inorganic materials have employed microwaves, latex-colloid interaction, solvent evaporation, spray drying, spraying a polymer solution through a small orifice and Shirasu Porous Glass (SPG) membrane emulsification technique (Berkland et al., 2001; Fischer et al., 1999; Mu & Feng, 2001; Oriakhi & Lerner, 1995; Rosca et al., 2004).

Electrospinning Fabrication and Characterization of Water Soluble Polymer/Montmorillonite/Silver Nanocomposite Nanofibers out of Aqueous Solution