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Nowadays, environmental protection is one of the most important matter of concerns. In the last century, chemical engineering industry developed processes involving unit operation using volatile organic components (VOC). Solvents comprise 2/3 of all industrial emissions and 1/3 of all VOC emissions nationwide. Many factories also produce long-lasting gases that do not occur naturally, yet contribute significantly to the enhanced greenhouse effect and global warming that is currently under way. The new constraints facing chemical engineers are to continue to provide society with the products necessary for sustaining a high standard of living, while, at the same time, significantly reduce the environmental impact of the processes we use to do this. Therefore, the reduction of the use of VOCs is a significant research topic in recent years. In the last ten years, a new class of compounds has emerged and may become a key ally in helping us meet the twin challenges of efficient and environmentally benign chemical processing. These compounds known as Ionic liquids (ILs) or room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have received increased attention from both industrial and academic communities because they have the potential to revolutionize the way we think of and use solvents. Because of the lack of measurable vapor pressure, easy recyclability, and no flammability, ionic liquid solvents are viewed by many as "green" solvents. They are organic salts, whose cations, substituents and anions can be varied at will to change their chemical and physical properties. They can be used to redesign processes in order to reduce or eliminate loss of solvents particularly volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (Letcher, 2007). The growth in development in ionic liquids is not only being driven by their potential as green solvents but also by potential improvement in process economics, chemical reactivity, selectivity, and yield. Nowadays, ILs are emerging as alternative green solvents, in other words, as alternative reaction media for synthesis, catalysis and biocatalysis, but also as electrolytes, lubricants or modifiers of mobile and stationary phases in the separation sciences (Letcher, 2007; Rodgers & Seddon, 2002; Rodgers & Seddon, 2003; Alonso et al., 2008; Cadena et al, 2004). Ionic liquids have been used in industrial processes for more than a decade and their applications continue to expand. For instance, extractive distillation and liquid-liquid extraction with ionic liquids as separating agent is a novel method for separation of ethanol–

Interactions between Organic Compounds and Ionic Liquids. Selectivity and Capacity Characteristics of Ionic Liquids