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Pesticides are important tools in agriculture that help to minimize economic losses caused by weeds, insects and pathogens and have greatly improved food production (Farenhorst, 2006; Song et al., 2008; Romero et al., 2010). The ideal outcome of pesticide use occurs when a pesticide accomplishes the purposes for which it was applied and then rapidly breaks down into harmless components, such as carbon dioxide and water. However, extensive use of pesticides in conventional agricultural practices has increased dramatically over time and the potential negative effects on human health and the environment are now of concern (Renaud et al., 2004; Majumdar & Singh, 2007; Song et al., 2008). According to El-Nahhal (2003), achieving proper weed control needs some incorporation usually via rainfall or irrigation and movement of the active ingredients through the soil profile. However, movement of the active ingredients may be associated with three problems: (1) dilution of herbicide in the zone of weed seed germination and accumulation in the root zone of the crop which may cause crop injury, (2) reduction of herbicidal activity due to distribution of the active ingredient below the root zone of the target weeds and (3) possible contamination of ground water. Thus only a small fraction of the applied herbicide contributes to the desired activity. These problems may result in repeated applications and/or increasing the applied rate, increasing cost and potential for ecological damage. In Europe, pesticides are considered hazardous substances in accordance with current legislation regarding water (Directives 2000/60/EC, 2006/11/EC). Because of this, public concern over the residues of pesticides in environment, food and related commodities has increased over the last decades (Majumdar & Singh, 2007). The presence of pesticides in groundwater has grown considerably in the last few years (Cox et al., 1997, Renaud et al., 2004; Carabias Martinez et al., 2000; Gomides Freitas et al., 2008). The relatively high water solubility and not readily degradable of these chemicals makes them potentially mobile in soil and surface and ground waters vulnerable to contamination (Carrizosa et al., 2001; El-Nahhal, 2003). For this reason it is of maximum interest that the development of agricultural strategies be directed to the decrease in pesticide movement.

Application of Diflufenican Herbicide on Soils Amended with Different Organic Wastes