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When discussing vehicular safety, there are two key concepts: The first is the concept of Primary Safety, which can be defined as ‘the vehicle engineering aspects which as far as possible reduce the risk of an accident occurring’ (DfT (UK), 2008a); in contrast, Secondary Safety can be defined as ‘all structural and design features that reduce the consequences of accidents as far as possible’ (DfT (UK), 2008b). It is important to note that these two aspects of safety sometimes interact in conflicting ways. For example, to improve secondary safety in vehicles, manufacturers often strengthen and increase the size of a vehicle’s A-pillar (the vertical or near vertical shaft of material that supports the vehicle roof on either side of the wind-shield). However, this can decrease the visibility of the vehicle’s immediate environment to a driver (i.e. increase the vehicle’s blindzones1), which has a negative impact on the primary safety of the vehicle. In this chapter, we will discuss the role of automotive vision systems in improving the primary safety of vehicles. The development of electronic vision systems for the automotive market is a strongly growing area of development, driven in particular by consumer demand for increased safety in vehicles, both for drivers and for other road users, including Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs), such as pedestrians, cyclists or motorcyclists. Consumer demand is matched by legislative developments in a number of key automotive markets; for example Europe, Japan and the US have either introduced or are in the process of introducing legislation with the intention of reducing the number of VRU fatalities, with some emphasis on the use of vision systems. There are several areas in which electronic vision systems can be utilised. These can be broadly divided into two applications: visual display applications for passive human

Trends Towards Automotive Electronic Vision Systems for Mitigation of Accidents in Safety Critical Situations