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Active magnetic bearings (AMBs) are used to provide contact-less suspension of a rotor (Schweitzer et al., 1994). No friction, no lubrication, precise position control, and vibration damping make AMBs appropriate for different applications. In-depth debate about the research and development has been taken place the last two decades throughout the magnetic bearings community (ISMB12, 2010). However, in the future it is likely to be focused towards the superconducting applications of magnetic bearings (Rosner, 2001). Nevertheless, the discussion in this work is restricted to the design and analysis of “classical” AMBs, which are indispensable elements for high-speed, high-precision machine tools (Larsonneur, 1994). Two radial AMBs, which control the vertical and horizontal rotor displacements in four degrees of freedom (DOFs) are placed at the each end of the rotor, whereas an axial AMB is used to control the fifth DOF, as it is shown in Fig. 1. Rotation (the sixth DOF) is controlled by an independent driving motor. Because AMBs constitute an inherently unstable system, a closed-loop control is required to stabilize the rotor position. Different control techniques (Knospe & Collins, 1996) are employed to achieve advanced features of AMB systems, such as higher operating speeds or control of the unbalance response. However, a decentralized PID feedback is, even nowadays, normally used in AMB industrial applications, whereas prior to a decade ago, more than 90% of the AMB systems were based on PID decentralized control (Bleuer et al., 1994).

Linearization of Radial Force Characteristic of Active Magnetic Bearings Using Finite Element Method and Differential Evolution