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On 29 October 2008, a symposium called “Solidarity: A Structural Principle of International Law” was held at the Max-Planck-Institute of Comparative Public Law and International Law in Heidelberg, Germany. Nearly 80 people including scholars, practitioners and researchers of more than 20 nationalities participated in the symposium. As laid down by Armin von Bogdandy in his opening address, the aim of the symposium was to discuss what constitutes the notion of solidarity in international law, whether the concept of solidarity could be characterised as one of the structural principles of international law, where it could apply to and to what extent it has already become a binding norm. Karel Wellens, Philipp Dann, Laurence Boisson de Chazournes and Dinah Shelton elaborated on the concept of solidarity from different perspectives, ranging from the theory of international law, the law of development cooperation and the responsibility to protect to intergenerational equity, and each talk was followed by a discussion with the floor. The first presentation was given by Karel Wellens and entitled “Solidarity as Structural Principle of International Law: Expanding Role and Inherent Limits”. Wellens dealt with the principle of solidarity as a descriptive as well as a prescriptive norm in international law, summarising its origins, assessing the role it plays in various areas of international law and giving an outlook on its future developments. He placed the principle of solidarity within the normative framework of the constitutionalist school, based on the distinction between international community and international society and its origins in the ethics of international law since Emer de Vattel. Wellens proceeded to explore its expansion beyond the maintenance of peace and security, where it is deeply rooted, into the emerging field of international disaster law. As a result of the mostly non-binding provisions in the field, Wellens concluded that solidarity functions more as an inspirational than structural principle; its impact on the body of regulation nonetheless, affirms its constitutional character also in the field of international disaster law. In his assessment of other branches of international law, as the international humanitarian law, the international trade law and the law

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Symposium on Solidarity as a Structural Principle of International Law, Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, 29 October 2008