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The paper deals with modern functional blocks based on current conveyors and their utilization in analogue signal processing. Multi-port elements with directly interconnected ports (terminals) are the main topic of our discussion. Interconnections of ports in frame of complicated active element or functional block allow functional transformation to simpler block than primary selected one where additional useful transfer or port features are available. Known circuits can be modified to obtain interesting features or it is possible to create completely new circuits by using of standards synthesis. New functional blocks suitable for circuit synthesis are obtained in this way, namely k-class conveyors, frequency dependent current amplifiers and grounded impedance converters and inverters. The main focus is on a novel current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCTA) and its possibilities to construct the functional blocks and applications discussed. No special view on circuit principles concerning mainly CCTA with interconnected ports was explained in the past, although more complicated applications of CCTA have been developed by using different and not very designer-friendly principles. Applications of these blocks in filters and oscillators are also given. An analysis of selected oscillator was supported by simulations.

Direct Interconnection of Ports in Modern Functional Blocks Based on Current Conveyor and CCTA for Circuit Design