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All species of Chilodontidae known to occur in the south-western Indian Ocean are discussed (27 species, of which eight new, belonging to nine genera, of which three new). Keys to genera and species are provided. Observations on protoconch form, shell microsculpture, radula morphology, operculum shape and external anatomy are given, together with summary biological observations. The genus Agathodonta Cossmann, 1918 is not considered to be applicable to the extant species for which it has been recently used and a new genus is proposed for these living forms. Type specimens of a number of extralimital species examined for comparative purposes are illustrated. New genera: Ascetostoma, Clypeostoma and Pholidotrope. New species: Clypeostoma reticulatum, Danilia boucheti, Danilia textilis, Herpetopoma serratocinctum, Herpetopoma stictum, Pholidotrope gloriosa, Vaceuchelus cretaceus and Vaceuchelus jayorum. New synonyms: Cantharidus pliciferus Schepman, 1908 = Perrinia angulifera (A. Adams, 1853); Turcica (Perrinia) waiwailevensis Ladd, 1982 and Herpetopoma eboreum Vilvens & Héros, 2003 = Herpetopoma xeniolum (Melvill, 1918); Trochus alabastrum Reeve, 1858 = Euchelus asper (Gmelin, 1791). New combinations: Agathodonta elongata Vilvens, 2001, A. meteorae Neubert, 1998, A. nortoni McLean, 1984, Euchelus townsendianus Melvill & Standen, 1903 and Turcica salpinx Barnard, 1964 are transferred to Clypeostoma gen. n.; Diloma verruca Gould, 1861, Euchelus seychellarum G. & H. Nevill, 1869, Euchelus xeniolum Melvill, 1918, Turcica helix Barnard, 1964 and T. waiwailevensis Ladd, 1982 are transferred to Herpetopoma; Euchelus gemmula Turton, 1932 is transferred to Vaceuchelus; Euchelus providentiae Melvill, 1909 and E. ringens Schepman, 1908 are transferred to Ascetostoma gen. n.; Stomatella cumingii A. Adams, 1854 is transferred to Granata; Turcica konos Barnard, 1964 is transferred to Perrinia. New records for the south-western Indian Ocean: Clypeostoma meteorae (Neubert, 1998); Clypeostoma cf. nortoni (McLean, 1984); Granata cumingii (A. Adams, 1854); Herpetopoma instrictum (Gould, 1849); Herpetopoma ?naokoae Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006; Herpetopoma xeniolum (Melvill, 1918); Perrinia angulifera (A. Adams, 1853). New records for South Africa: Ascetostoma providentiae (Melvill, 1909); Herpetopoma ?naokoae Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006; Perrinia angulifera (A. Adams, 1853). Lectotypes designated for: Euchelus favosus Melvill & Standen, 1896; Euchelus gemmula Turton, 1932; Euchelus natalensis Smith, 1906; Euchelus seychellarum G. & H. Nevill, 1869; Euchelus townsendianus Melvill & Standen, 1903; Monodonta alveolata A. Adams, 1853; Monodonta angulifera A. Adams, 1853; Stomatella articulata A. Adams, 1850; Turbo semilugubris Deshayes, 1863. Type locality designations and emendations: Type locality for Stomatella cumingii Adams, 1854, designated to be tropical East Africa; type locality for Turcica salpinx Barnard, 1964, selected to be ‘off Cape Morgan, 77 fath.’ [-141 m]; type locality of Turcica stellata A. Adams, 1864, emended from ‘China Seas’ to Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Danilia Brusina, 1865 is deemed a nomen protectum and Heliciella O.G. Costa, 1861 a nomen oblitum.

A Revision of the Chilodontidae (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Seguenzioidea) of Southern Africa and the South-Western Indian Ocean