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. In this paper, the current state of knowledge of the taphonomic characteristics of micromammal (rodents and marsupials) remains generated by the action of the different predators (avian raptors and carnivore mammals) of South America (particularly of Argentina), known through actualistic studies, is reviewed. The analyzed taphonomic attributes enabled the adjustment, by means of extensive comparisons among different groups of predators and prey, of the modification categories indicated in the original papers. The data herein revised and assessed suggest that the evaluated South American predators may be grouped into four categories of modification: a) Light ( Tyto alba , Bubo virginianus , Strix chacoensis and Asio flammeus ); b) Moderate ( Athene cunicularia , Geranoaetus melanoleucus , Geranoaetus polyosoma and Pseudoscops clamator ); c) Heavy ( Circus buffoni , Caracara plancus , Elanus leucurus , Didelphis albiventris , Leopardus geoffroyi and Lontra longicaudis ); d) Extreme ( Milvago chimango , Puma concolor , Puma yagouaroundi , Conepatus chinga and Lycalopex griseus ). Finally, the research herein discussed evaluates how these studies were applied in the fossil record of both palaeontological and archaeological sites of South America. Key words. Bone modifications. Neotaphonomy. Micromammals. Predators. Actualistic analogous. Argentina. Resumen. REVISION DE LA TAFONOMIA ACTUALISTICA DE LOS MICROMAMIFEROS INGERIDOS POR DEPREDADORES DE AMERICA DEL SUR. SU IMPORTANCIA EN LA INTERPRETACION DEL REGISTRO FOSIL. En este trabajo se valora el estado actual del conocimiento de las caracteristicas tafonomicas de los restos de micromamiferos (roedores y marsupiales) generados por la accion de los diferentes depredadores (aves rapaces y mamiferos carnivoros) de America del Sur (particularmente de Argentina), a traves de la revision de los estudios actualisticos. Los atributos tafonomicos analizados permitieron ajustar, a traves de comparaciones extensas entre los diferentes grupos de depredadores y presas, las categorias de modificacion indicadas en los articulos originales. La informacion revisada sugiere que los depredadores de America del Sur evaluados pueden agruparse en cuatro categorias de modificacion: a) Ligera ( Tyto alba , Bubo virginianus , Strix chacoensis y Asio flammeus ); b) Moderada ( Athene cunicularia , Geranoaetus melanoleucus , Geranoaetus polyosoma y Pseudoscops clamator ); c) Fuerte ( Circus buffoni , Caracara plancus ,  Elanus leucurus , Didelphis albiventris , Leopardus geoffroyi y Lontra longicaudis ); d) Extrema ( Milvago chimango , Puma concolor , Puma yagouaroundi ,  Conepatus chinga y Lycalopex griseus ). Finalmente, se evalua como estos estudios se aplicaron al registro zooarqueologico y paleontologico de America del Sur. Palabras clave. Modificaciones oseas. Neotafonomia. Micromamiferos. Depredadores. Analogos actuales. Argentina.

REVIEW OF THE ACTUALISTIC TAPHONOMY OF SMALL MAMMALS INGESTED BY SOUTH AMERICAN PREDATORS. ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE INTERPRETATION OF THE FOSSIL RECORD