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Service interchanges connect freeways to arterial roads and are the backbone of the U.S. road network. Improving the operations of service interchanges is possible by increasing the capacity of the off-ramp intersections with a crossing road and eliminating or reducing the traffic interference between these two closely spaced intersections. Recently proposed solutions use three different methods: (1) eliminating the interference by merging the two intersections into a single one (single-point interchange), (2) adding roundabouts to eliminate traffic signals (singleor dual-roundabout diamond), or (3) improving the traffic flow by swapping the directions of traffic within the interchange area and redesigning traffic signals (diverging diamond). In addition, tight diamonds are proposed where space restrictions in the developed areas force planners and designers to reduce the interchange footprint. Together with a traditional diamond interchange, decision makers have available several forms of service interchanges. These alternatives may perform quite differently depending on traffic and local conditions. The existing research for selecting alternative diamond interchange forms is incomplete for site-specific conditions. This study investigated the operational performance of six alternative diamond interchange forms: conventional diamond (DI), tight diamond (TDI), diverging diamond (DDI), single point (SPI), and double and single roundabout (RA). Performance comparison has been used for developing guidelines (Volume 2 of this report) for early stage screening of diamond forms. The guidelines will help identify the traffic and/or geometric conditions that support the use of one type of interchange over another, focusing on the traffic performance. Findings

Performance of Alternative Diamond Interchange Forms: Volume 2—Guidelines for Selecting Alternative Diamond Interchanges