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The case was a 29-year-old male with no previous history of serious disease. He developed headache and fever, which then worsened and he was admitted to our hospital. His temperature was 38.3°C and he had a stiff neck. In cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests, the opening pressure was high, the cell count was increased, and the CSF/serum glucose ratio was decreased. In addition, he was positive for cryptococcal antigen. According to these findings, he was diagnosed with cryptococcal meningoencephalitis and antifungal treatment was initiated. His symptoms then improved, but on day 18 after admission, he developed convulsions, and on day 28, right visual field defects appeared. Brain MRI showed disseminated lesions in the bilateral cerebral cortex. Despite a decrease of the cryptococcal antigenic value in the CSF, the IgG index was elevated. IL-6, 8 and 10 in CSF were high levels on Day 1, then gradually reduced as the symptoms improved. But on Day 28, worsening of symptoms, IL-10 was significantly increased dispite IL-6 and 8 reducing. Therefore, the exacerbation of his symptoms and expansion of the lesions were not caused by the Cryptococcus itself, and it was considered that they were due to the late deterioration of cryptococcosis, which responded to steroid treatment.

Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetent patient caused by late onset exacerbation