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It has been suggested that the experimental variables known to affect P300 amplitude can be described by three general factors: subjective probability, stimulus meaning, and information transmission. Based on this triarchic model, this study investigated the factor that determines P300 amplitude in guilty knowledge tests (GKTs). Twenty university students performed a three-stimulus visual oddball task using words. Half of the participants enacted a mock crime to increase the significance of infrequent nontarget words, whereas the other half did not. P300 amplitude was larger for critical items (infrequent nontarget words) than for noncritical items (frequent nontarget words) only in the mock-crime group. The amplitude difference remained significant in a dual-task condition wherein the participants performed an auditory discrimination task simultaneously with the visual oddball task. These results suggest that P300 amplitude is larger for critical stimuli in GKTs mainly because these stimuli are more meaningful and not because the stimuli are perceived as members of a rarer stimulus category. Moreover, attentional distraction does not appear to eliminate the amplitude difference between critical and noncritical items. (Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology, 25(3) : 267-275, 2007.)

Determinant Factors of P300 Amplitude in Guilty Knowledge Tests