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At approximately 1:45 PM in the afternoon of February 9, 2001, a Los Angeles class submarine of the U.S. Navy, USS Greeneville, accidentally collided with the Japanese longline training and fishing vessel, Ehime Maru. The incident occurred approximately nine nautical miles south of the Hawaiian Island of Oahu. The 56 meter, 830 ton, Ehime Maru plunged to the ocean floor 650 meters below. Twenty-six of the 35 crewmembers were pulled from the sea by rescue teams, while the rest of the crew remained missing after several days of search and rescue operations. It was presumed they were trapped within the vessel or lost overboard as the Ehime Maru sunk. A few days later, after underwater submersibles were brought to the scene, it was discovered that no human remains were lying near the sunken hull. The probability increased that the lost crew were trapped inside. Under a backdrop of national and international pressure and the general feeling that the Navy caused the accident, the Navy decided to explore the option of raising the Ehime Maru to recover the bodies of the deceased crew members. The Navy began conducting extensive engineering analyses, building an environmental assessment, and performing numerous underwater surveys by Navy and contracted remotely operated vehicles (ROV). Based on the results of this effort, the Navy decided to attempt to lift the Ehime Maru from the seafloor, move it to a location within the safe depth for SCUBA, recover the missing crew, and dispose of the ship in deep water. The divers were tasked to thoroughly search the interior of the Ehime Maru and recover the bodies of the missing crew members and any personal effects remaining aboard. The mission was to be conducted in a manner sensitive to the Japanese culture, and the greatest possible consideration was to be given to the families that lost their loved ones. The families would be continuously updated by the Navy and invited to watch all operations as they unfolded. At the outset Admiral William Klemm, who was assigned to oversee this mission, felt that the project had an 80 percent chance of success. Further he issued both a directive and a challenge that applied to the entire operation: "Not a single teaspoon of oil will get onto any Hawaiian beach." As a result of the technical scope of this engineering project and Admiral Klemm's order, this operation became a very focused oceanographic challenge.

A Case Study in Applied Oceanography: The Lifting and Moving of the Ehime Maru