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Ocean optics concerns studies of light and its propagation through the ocean, and bio-optics connotes biological effects on optical properties and vice versa. These two terms are so intertwined that they are often used interchangeably. Knowledge of the variability of optical and bio-optical properties of the ocean is important for many scientific and practical problems (e.g., Dickey and Falkowski, 2001). A few examples follow. Light and its utilization is key to life in the ocean beginning with phytoplankton and primary productivity, the ecology of the upper ocean, and biogeochemical cycling. The thermal structure and heat budget of the upper ocean are driven by the penetration of solar radiation as modulated by the absorption and scattering of light by water and its particulate and dissolved constituents. Both of the aforementioned examples illustrate key factors that affect and are affected by global climate change. Optical properties are also important indicators of the health of the ocean in the form of changing turbidity, diversity and distributions of species (indigenous and non-indigenous), and harmful algal blooms (e.g., red tides) and associated toxins. Underwater visibility, which has industrial and mili

Recent Advances and Future Visions: Temporal Variability of Optical and Bio-optical Properties of the Ocean