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Hydrophobized polysaccharides such as cholesterol group-bearing pullulan (CHP) were noted to spontaneously form hydrogel nanoparticles in dilute aqueous solution by intra-and/or intermolecular self-aggregation. The size, density and colloidal stability of the nanoparticle could be controlled by changing the degree of the hydrophobe substitution and hydrophobicity. In the semi-dilute region of a polymer, a macro-gel was produced through association of nanoparticles. The association and dissociation of hydrophobized polysaccharides were controlled by host-guest interactions with cyclodextrin (CD). Self-assembled nanoparticles bound various hydrophobic substances and soluble proteins. Protein thermal stability increased with complexation and that of an enzyme was enhanced by a molecular chaprone-like two-step mechanism : capture of heat-denatured unfolded protein and release of the refolded form by CD addition. Hydrophobized polysaccharides became coated on liposomes, oil-in-water emulsions and protoplast cells. The supramolecular assemblies have been shown to have broad application in biotechnology and medicine.

Self-assembly and Functions of Hydrophobized Polysaccharides