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The size, dispersibility, and fluidity of DPPC (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), POPC (1-palmitoy-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), and DOPC (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) liposomes doped with β-sitosteryl sulfate (PSO 4 ) were comparatively studied. In all three types of liposomes, PSO 4 reduced sizes and enhanced the negative values of the ζ-potential. However, the effect on sizes quantitatively differed in the three cases in a manner dependent on their phase behaviors. PSO 4 rigidified each type of membrane in its liquid crystalline phase and fluidized the gel phase. It enhanced the glucose trapping efficiency (TE) of both DPPC and DOPC liposomes. The TE of DPPC first increased with the increasing concentration of PSO 4 , then decreased gradually. On the other hand, in the case of DOPC, the TE increased significantly upon addition of PSO 4 , then remained nearly constant. Though the exact dependence of TE on the PSO 4 concentration differed in the two cases, its effect, in each case, was more than the effect of β-sitosterol (POH). The ability of PSO 4 for reducing the size and enhancing dispersibility and TE of liposomes can be useful for preparing cosmetics and pharmaceutical formulations.

Impact of Doping a Phytosteryl Sulfate on the Properties of Liposomes Made of Saturated and Unsaturated Phosphatidylcholines