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A tubular-type solar photoreactor system powered by commercial solar panels and consisting of six 20-tube modules (Pyrex glass) to mimic a pilot plant scale configuration was designed and constructed to examine the remediation of simulated wastewaters contaminated with various classes of organic pollutants such as endocrine disruptors (e.g. bisphenol A), anionic surfactants (sodium butylnaphthalenesulfonate and sodium dodecyl- benzenesulfonate), herbicides (e.g. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and a commercial dishwasher detergent. Photo-oxidative processes followed first-order kinetics expressed in terms of the total light energy (in kJ) that impinged on the photoreactor. The influence of TiO₂ loading and circulation flow rate of the wastewaters on the dynamics of the photo-oxidation to mineralization (loss of total organic carbon, TOC, or formation of sulfate ions) was investigated. The optimal operational parameters were: TiO₂ loading, 2 g L⁻¹; circulation flow rate, 7.5 L min⁻¹. On a sunny day, near- quantitative mineralization of the contaminants was achieved after only 4 h of irradiation that corresponded to an accumulated energy of ca 1380 kJ.

Sunlight Photo-Assisted TiO2-Based Pilot Plant Scale Remediation of (Simulated) Contaminated Aquatic Sites