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We developed a chitosan (CHI) gel containing alcohols and l-menthol (MEN) as skin permeation enhancers,and succinic acid (SUC) as a cross-linking agent and examined the permeation of morphine hydrochloride (MPH) from the CHI gel into human skin.The solubility of CHI and MEN was measured beforehand in order to create a system saturated with these 2 substances.Solubility varied with the content of ethanol and 1,3-butylene glycol.The saturated CHI gel displayed sufficient elasticity to be applied to a fixed area of skin.The permeation of MPH into the skin from the CHI gel was compared with its permeation into the skin for a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel having a similar composition.Permeation was greater for the CHI gel in the later stages of the experiment.Our CHI gel should thus be useful for the transdermal delivery of MPH

Chitosan Gel for Transdermal Delivery of Morphine Hydrochloride