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The purpose of this paper is to assess the nature and effectiveness of the European Union’s democracy promotion policy in Albania. Although the Balkan region was home to wars, ethnic tension, and political instability in the recent past, all western Balkan countries have expressed interest in gaining membership in the EU. The Albanian question is particularly important because of the regression of democratic conditions in the country due to an 18 month-long political gridlock that ended in violent and deadly protests in January 2011. This happened only two months after the EU voted unanimously for visa liberalization of Albanian citizens in the Schengen Area, and the EU has pressured the Albanian government to hold officials accountable for the deaths in 2011. This paper analyzes the “leverage and linkage” of the EU on Albanian domestic politics and whether the EU can offer sufficient incentives to facilitate democratic consolidation.

The EU as a Democracy Promoter: Can the EU Use Albania’s Ambitions for Membership to Strengthen Democracy in the Balkans?