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This study addresses the reasons that African American students are disproportionately enrolled in public charter schools by surveying parents of African American charter school students at a small public charter middle school in California. The researcher utilized a quantitative research design by collecting survey data from 71 charter school parents. The findings indicate the following reasons that African American parents remove their students from traditional public schools: their desire for a safer schooling environment, higher expectations for their students, individualized attention, and a college-going atmosphere. Recommendations are made for traditional public school leaders to consider the implementation of these practices. African American students continue to be among the worst academic performers in the nation. In 2009, 4th grade African American students scored lower than Whites and Asians, the same as Hispanics, and one point better than American Indians/Alaska Natives on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) reading assessment. During the same year, 8th and 12th grade African American students scored worse than any other racial/ethnic group on the NAEP reading assessment (National Center for Education Statistics [NCES], 2009; NCES, 2010). African American achievement in mathematics is similarly dismal. In 2009, 16% of African American 4th graders, 12% of African American 8th graders, and a miniscule 5% of African American 12th grade students scored proficient and above in mathematics, poorer than any other racial/ethnic group (Aud, Fox, and KewalRamani, 2010). Poor academic achievement among African American students has changed relatively little since 1992, and gaps in achievement between White students and their African American peers continue to persist (NCES, 2009; NCES, 2010). A plethora of reform efforts have attempted to remedy the African American achievement dilemma; however, no one reform to date has successfully altered the academic performance of the African American K-12 student population at scale. Public charter schools were introduced into the American education landscape in 1991 as a result of ongoing United States education reform efforts aimed at targeting the poor academic achievement of America’s children in comparison with countries that appeared to be out-competing and out-innovating America. Schools in poor, urban communities became the target, as the students within their confines had the poorest academic performance by far. Charter schools were marketed as free-market public schools that would be free of traditional public 1 Public charter schools will be referred to as, “charter schools,” “charters,” and “public charters” throughout. 1 Almond: Charter School Satisfaction Among African American Parents

The Great Migration: Charter School Satisfaction Among African American Parents