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Among contemporary studies of children's notions of death, the cognitive approach, which applies formal properties of death based on an overreliance on Piagetian cognitive development theory, predominates. However, this does not explore what death means to children, or the extent of children's understanding of death. This study explores healthy Japanese children's lived experiences of grasping notions of life and death without predetermined components of death, such as finality, universality, and irreversibility. Interpretive phenomenology served as the philosophical underpinning and method of data analysis. A total of 16 healthy Japanese children (7 girls and 9 boys, mean age 8.9) were recruited through network sampling in the Tokyo area. Three interviews, each ranging from 15 to 90 minutes, were conducted with each child. Among the various emerging themes, this paper focused on the children's perception of death and afterlife. The study shows that Japanese children uniquely embraced the religiously incorporated view of death and the afterlife, reflecting the Japanese pantheistic belief system. The children had a comprehensive view of a flow from life through death to the afterlife, which constituted and consisted of the notions of life and death. In this successive flow, life and death were regarded as opposite yet connected. Although linear and circular types of flow from life to the afterlife were found in children's perceptions, in both cases the Christian God was perceived as the key.

Incorporation of Religions in Japanese Children's View of Death and Afterlife