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The objective of this study was to investigate in situ transesterification allowing direct production biodiesel from jatropha seed. The influences of amount of KOH catalyst, methanol to seed ratio, amount of n-hexane to methanol and seed ratio, stirring speed, temperature and reaction time were examined to define the best performance of biodiesel yield and quality. Generally, methanol to seed ratio, amount of KOH and n-hexane to methanol and seed ratio affected biodiesel yield. An increase of biodiesel yield was observed as methanol to seed ratio, amount of KOH and n-hexane to methanol and seed ratio were increased. Stirring speed, temperature and reaction time did not affected biodiesel yield. Highest biodiesel yield (89%) was obtained under 6:1 methanol to seed ratio, 0.075 mol/L KOH in methanol, 3:3:1 n-hexane to methanol and seed ratio, 600 rpm stirring speed, 40 °C temperature and 6 h reaction time. The effect of process parameters on biodiesel quality was less important. In all experiments tested, the biodiesel quality was very good (acid value 183 mg of KOH/g). The quality of biodiesel produced under optimum reaction condition was in accordance with the Indonesian Biodiesel Standard.

In situ trans-esterification of oil-containing <i>Jatropha curcas</i> seeds to produce biodiesel fuel