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The main objective of a commercial farm is to achieve the highest possible income from agricultural activity. The level of this income is influenced by both external and internal conditions. The agriculture sector in the EU receives significant money transferes in the form of various types of subsidies. The aim of the article is to assess the income situation of commercial farms in Poland and the importance of public assistance in shaping their economic results compared to selected EU countries. The study presents the income ranking of Polish farms covered by the FADN system in 2004–2019 and the level of public assistance for them in comparison to German and French farms and all EU farms. The study employed ratio analysis based on the measures and indicators describing the macroeconomic situation as well as the elements of the potential of farms, their income situation and the level of public assitance for them. The performed analysis demonstrates that the results of Polish farms were dependent on subsidies to a lesser extent than those of the German and French farms, and that the ratio of subsidies for Polish farms to their output per unit of agricultural area neared the same ratio in the other analysed countries. The conclusion of the study is that public asssitance extended to farms in the framework of the CAP stabilises farmers’ income, but on the other hand makes them dependent on budget transfers.

Income situation and the level of public assistance for commercial farms in selected EU countries