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Morphine is a recognized drug for the treatment of breathlessness in palliative care. However, the evidence for this is limited. Morphine applied systemically (orally, subcutaneously and intravenously) and as inhalation, targeted at the opioid receptors is able to substantially decrease breathlessness. This effect is ascribed to among others peripheral action of hydrophilic morphine. Evidence for the antibreathlessness effect of more lipophilic opioids such as fentanyl is at least controversial. Besides the alleged anti-breathlessness effect fentanyl is able to induce Rigid Chest Syndrome which may hamper breathing and the feeling of breathlessness. Palliat Med Pract 2018; 12, 3: 151–155

Opioidy w leczeniu duszności. Czy wszystkie są równie skuteczne?