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The formation and maintenance of tissues is regulated by various signals triggered by biological, chemical, and physical factors. Data increasingly confirm that matrix or tissue elasticity plays an influential role in regulating numerous cell functions. The aim of the present study was to better understand the regulation of cellular differentiation by mechanical cues. We studied the influence of matrix stiffness on the osteodifferentiation of two cell lineages characterized by different responses: mesenchymal stromal/stem cells isolated from the Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord (UC-MSCs) with strong stiffness-dependent responses; and bone-derived cells (BDCs), which are insensitive to changes in matrix rigidity. The study also aimed to delineate how matrix stiffness affects intracellular signaling through focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity—one of the key components in integrin-mediated signaling pathways.

α2β1 integrin-mediated mechanical signals during osteodifferentiation of stem cells from the Wharton’s jelly of the umbilical cord