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Behavioral training is a method used in institutions that keep captive animals to assist in husbandry and health assessment issues. It consists of training animals using positive reinforcement to perform behaviors that facilitate veterinary procedures without the use of physical restraint or drugs, thereby improving animal welfare. A female Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus), eight years old, weighing approximately 400kg and measuring 266cm, was the subject of this study. The training method used was operant conditioning with positive reinforcement, which encourages the animal to cooperate during veterinary inspections. The animal was trained that every time it performed a commanded behavior correctly, it would be rewarded with food and verbal praise. Furthermore, just prior to the moment of the reward a whistle was sounded; thus the animal associated this sound with the correct performance of the commanded behavior. To control the body position, the animal was trained by operant conditioning to touch a target. Our subject was trained in two stages, to perform necessary behaviors to collect biological samples (e.g. blood). Some of the possible factors influencing the training sessions were evaluated, such as the identity of the keeper, the impact of sounds and the number of days between training sessions. Only the identity of the keeper was found to influence training sessions. Our subject rapidly learned to express a number of commanded behavior patterns to assist its management in captivity. Therefore we consider this method to have been successful. We consider this method indispensable when managing large endangered species in captivity, as training reduces stress for the animal and reduces risk to its human caregivers. Finally, the application of this method will allow us to collect more biological data about this endangered species. RESUMO: O treinamento comportamental e um metodo que vem sendo utilizado em instituicoes mantenedoras de animais em cativeiro. Consiste no desenvolvimento de um repertorio comportamental, visando facilitar o acesso veterinario sem o uso de contencao fisica ou quimica, reduzindo o comprometimento do bem-estar animal. Uma femea de peixe-boi marinho (Trichechus manatus manatus), com oito anos de idade no momento do experimento, cerca de 400kg de peso e medindo 266cm de comprimento total foi o animal em estudo. Utilizou-se o condicionamento operante como tecnica de treinamento, onde estimula-se, de forma positiva, a cooperacao do animal durante o manejo veterinario. A cada vez que o animal executava o comportamento que lhe foi solicitado, recebia recompensas, como por exemplo alimentos e frases de incentivo. Simultaneamente, um apito era acionado para estabelecer uma associacao entre comportamento e recompensa. Foi utilizado um alvo para orientar o animal a posicionar-se na forma desejada. A femea foi treinada, durante duas fases, a exibir comportamentos necessarios para a coleta de amostras biologicas (por exemplo, sangue). Foram avaliados fatores de possivel influencia no treinamento do animal, como tratador; impactos sonoros e dias sem treinamento, verificando-se que apenas o tratador exerce influencia. O animal em estudo rapidamente tornou-se capaz de expressar os comportamentos necessarios para o manejo em cativeiro, sendo o metodo considerado bem sucedido. A utilizacao do condicionamento proporciona a coleta de dados de forma menos estressante que a habitual, sem gerar riscos tanto para o animal quanto para as pessoas envolvidas no procedimento. O uso correto da tecnica de condicionamento contribui para ampliar as informacoes a respeito desta especie em eminente risco de extincao e obter dados importantes para o conhecimento e conservacao da mesma.

Training of Antillean manatee Trichechus manatus manatus Linnaeus, 1758 as a management technique for individual welfare