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Pleural tuberculosis is an extra-pulmonary disease which poses a diagnostic dilemma. The detection of mycobacterial DNA by IS6110 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in clinical samples is a promising approach for the rapid diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis infections. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the advantage of using IS6110 PCR for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) from pleural fluid. 102 clinically suspected cases of pleural tuberculosis cases were enrolled from inwards and outwards of the Department of Pulmonary Medicine at Chattrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow from April 2007 to April 2010. The pleural fluids were processed at the Mycobacteriology Laboratory of Department of Microbiology at Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Pleural fluid samples were processed and examined by Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) staining for acid fast bacilli and detection of M. tuberculosis by BACTEC culture. We applied IS6110 PCR to detect specific M. tuberculosis complex in pleural fluid samples. We found a significant difference in sensitivity of different tests, acid fast bacilli were detected in 17 (16.6%) samples by ZN Staining , 47 (46.1%) by BACTEC culture and using IS6110 PCR, 62 (60.7%) were positive for IS6110 PCR for M. tuberculosis. We found IS6110 PCR was much more sensitive than ZN staining and BACTEC culture. IS6110 PCR detection of M. tuberculosis may be very useful in cases that are highly suspect as pleural tuberculosis and those that are negative for AFB and culture. IS6110 PCR may gain an immense prospective to better clinicians ability to improve diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis.

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The advantage of using IS6110-PCR &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. BACTEC culture for rapid detection of &lt;i&gt;Mycobacterium tuberculosis&lt;/i&gt; from pleural fluid in northern India