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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL, Kala-azar) is a disease caused by Leishmania Donovani and Leishmania infantum transmitted by sandflies. VL is seen sporadically in Turkey. A 64-year-old female patient who was admitted to our hematology outpatient clinic with complaints of weakness, fatigue and weight loss for 3 months was examined. She had been receiving immunosuppressive therapy for two months due to pemphigus vulgaris. No pathology was found to explain pancytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly. Bone marrow biopsy was performed for diagnosis. The patient’s bone marrow aspiration and biopsy revealed Leishmania parasites. The patient was started on amphotericin B treatment. Treatment improved the patient’s clinic. We think that visceral leishmaniasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with immunosuppressive therapy, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia.

Visceral Leishmaniasis in a Patient with Immunosuppressive Treatment and Pancytopenia Due to Pemphigus Vulgaris