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2.1 Importance of physical separation technology in the development of urban mines Although there are very few metal mines currently operating in Japan, imported metal materials exist throughout the country, in the form of waste manufactured products. Such waste products are now referred to as ‘urban mines.’ However, for a mine to be properly functional, it must be economically feasible to extract the respective resources; thus, the mere existence of such products throughout the country does not, in itself, constitute a proper ‘mine,’ even in an extended sense. Moreover, whereas natural mines mark localized concentrations of terrestrial resources over a long period of time, such concentrations do not occur ‘naturally’ in the case of waste products with significant metal content. This means that ‘urban mines’ do not possess such localized existence, but rather must be identified and artificially ‘concentrated’ through intentional human engagement in urban mining, which, in technological terms, refers to techniques for minimizing the energy required for such artificial concentration.

Physical separation technology to support the strategic development of urban mining