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On 18 September 2014, Scottish citizens voted 55%-45% to stay in the United Kingdom. The turnout of 84.65% was the highest for any UK electoral event since the introduction of universal suffrage.1 This process has brought into vogue the referendum as a mode of settling issues of nationalism. It has been watched keenly in other countries such as Canada, Belgium and Spain. In this paper, I address the connection between the referendum as a decision-making device and sub-state nationalism. It is certainly the case that when sub-state nationalists wish to assert constitutional claims, in particular the most fundamental claim to statehood itself they invariably turn to the referendum, and indeed the referendum is becoming an ever more prominent aspect of sub-state nationalist politics.

‘Should the People Decide?’ Referendums in a Post-Sovereign Age, the Scottish and Catalonian Cases