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<p class="body">Contemporary cities have different types of mixed-use complexes to increase urban density for preventing suburban sprawl. <em>Intermediary space</em> is a third space that connects a mixed-use complex and its surrounding area. This study examined the main functions of intermediary spaces and user satisfaction with the intermediary spaces’ amenities in three European mixed-use mega-complexes. It focused on various amenity elements in intermediary spaces, including daylight, noise, green space, condition of facility, management, and accessibility. The data were collected through site visits and a questionnaire survey of space users in the three mixed-use complexes. Major findings identified the main purposes of visitation to intermediary spaces, the amenity elements affecting user satisfaction, and the relationship between users’ satisfaction with these spaces and their perceptions of the complexes. Results showed that intermediary spaces functioned in various ways and users’ satisfaction with these spaces related closely to their perceptions of complex buildings. Evidence from the research will provide important guidelines for improving environmental quality of intermediary spaces to make them more functional for space users.</p

Intermediary Spaces Linking Urban Space to Buildings: Functions and User Satisfaction in Three Mixed-Use Complexes