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Three-year late season field experiment was conducted between 2011 and 2013 on the irrigated lowland experimental field at Edozhigi (9o04N, 6o7E) in the Southern Guinea savannah ecological zone of Nigeria, to determine the effects of different water depths and seedling rates on weed control, yield and yield components of lowland rice. The trial was laid out using a split plot design with six water depths (5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, saturated soil and continuous flow of water at 3 cm depth) as the main plots while seedling rates of 2, 4, and 6) per stand constituted the sub-plots. The treatments were replicated three times. The results indicated that the growth of weed species was significantly affected as water depth increased while rice yield was significantly enhanced as water depth increased to 20 cm. The 20 cm water depth gave weed control efficiency (WCE) of 57.6, 94.1 and 93.3% at 60 days after transplanting (DAT) in 2011, 2012 and 2013 respectively which was about 87% better than that obtained from saturated plots. At water depths of 10 and 20 cm, the growth of grasses and sedges were reduced by 60 and 100% respectively, while saturated and continuous flow of water encouraged their growth. Water depths of 10, 15 and 20 cm gave grain yield of 5052, 4700 and 4066 kg ha-1 which were 84, 85 and 85.5% higher than yields obtained from saturated plot in 2011, 2012 and 2013 respectively. Transplanting of 4 to 6 seedlings significantly suppressed weed growth and enhanced rice grain yield than 2 seedlings per stand. It is therefore concluded that maintaining water depths of 15 and 20 cm and seedling rates of 4 and 6 significantly suppressed weed growth and enhanced rice yield.

Effects of Water Depth and Seedling Rate on Weed Control and Yield of Late Season Lowland Rice (Oryza sativa L)