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Medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds that have the potentials to cure many human ailments without unnecessary side effects like most of the chemotherapeutic drugs used today. Therefore, the need for phytochemicals in medicinal plants for potentials application in the treatments of these human ailments as alternatives.1 Drug resistance parasite has rendered most of the drugs used in treating many human diseases ineffective.2 Therefore, the urgent need and continuous search for new drugs from natural sources because most of the drugs used are either derived from plant or endproduct of the natural source.2-4 Boswellia dalzielii from Burseraceae family, it is known as frankincense tree. The plant which is called “Hannu” in the Hausa language is a plant that is used medically by the West Africa people especially Northern part of Nigeria, Ivory Coast and Cameroon where the plant is found in abundance.5-8 The decoction of the plants part is used in treating many ailments such as treating malaria, fever, gastrointestinal diseases, septic sores, rheumatism, venereal diseases.9-11 The stembark secretes white gum that is burnt to fumigate cloth and to drive out flies, mosquitoes etc., from room.7-8 Medicinal plants are parts of some African diets and are very important to their health. Traditional medicine began when man started searching for food in the bush by ploughing and eating all types of leaves and fruits.12 Natural product compounds are also of great interest in the process of drug discovery and design. Mainly plantderived natural product constituents have long been sources of drugs. A large proportion (30–40%) of the pharmaceuticals available in modern medicine is directly or indirectly derived from natural sources.13-14 Due to their large diversity in nature, natural products serve as a source for the designating of lead molecules of interest for the development of new drugs. They support biochemical and molecular instrument needed to clarify complex cellular and molecular mechanisms of action involved in most pathological and physiological processes.2,15Plants are used as the primary source of medicinal agents due to its availability and cheapness by 80% of the world’s population.16 Some of the diseases treated using drugs from the plant include bacterial infection and malaria. Some of these drugs include Artemisinin derived from the Qinghao plant (Artemisia annua L, China 4th century) and quinine from the cinchona tree (South American, 17th century), penicillin ABSTRACT Medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds that have the potentials to cure many human ailments without unnecessary side effects like most of the chemotherapeutic drugs used today. Therefore, the need for phytochemicals in medicinal plants for potentials application in the treatments of these human ailments as alternatives. Drug resistance parasite has rendered most of the drugs used in treating many human diseases ineffective. There is an urgent need and continuous search for new drugs from natural sources because most of the drugs used are either derived from plant or end-product of the natural source. Antibacterial and antiplasmodial activities of Boswellia dalzielii stem bark chloroform extract against some pathogens and P. bergei was investigated using the serial dilution method. Phytochemical studies (GC-MS RT profiling) revealed the presence of some secondary metabolites. The extract was tested against thirteen bacterial strains (Styphylococcus epidermidis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Enterococcus faecalis, Styplococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative strains Klebsiella aerugninosa, Proteus vulgaris, K. pneumonia, Klebsiella oxytoca,Entrobacter cloacae, Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the extract showed activities against Mycobacterium smegmatis,Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella aerugninosa and Proteus vulgaris. The extract demonstrated high safety with LD50 value greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. The extract shows a high potent of antiplasmodial activities with P. bargie inhibition of 66.95%. The results demonstrated that Boswelliadalzielii stem bark extract can be used as a source of cheaper, less toxic novel antibiotic and antimalarial substances for drug development.

pharmacognosy journal

Evaluation of Secondary Metabolites, Antibacterial, Antiplasmodial and Acute Toxicity Potentials of Chloroform Crude Extract of Boswellia dalzielii Stem Bark