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Cancer is one of the most dreadful disease causing millions of death. It accounts for ~7.6 million deaths (~13% of all deaths) worldwide, which is expected to rise to 13.1 million by 2030.1 Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men. The disease varies widely in its clinical aggressiveness. In some patients, prostate cancer metastasis rapidly, killing the patient within a year of initial clinical presentation, whereas other patients may live for many years with localized disease without apparent metastases.2 Androgen and androgen receptor play a major role in prostate cancer. Steroid hormone androgens contribute to the initiation and promotion of multistage carcinogenesis through binding to hormone receptors.3 Androgen ablation has been the standard form of therapy for advanced prostate cancer for over 50 years. This therapy targets only androgen-dependent cells leaving the androgenindependent cells, so, a majority of patients will not respond to this therapy.4 Apoptosis or active cell death is a process whereby cells die in response to specific signals. It is a physiological process that is essential for normal tissue development and maintenance of hemostasis. Through this process, damaged, unattached, mutant and aged cells are eliminated.5 Imperfection in the apoptotic pathway will lead to the growth of tumors and the development of resistance to anticancer therapies. In fact, suppression of apoptosis is considered as one of the hallmark of cancers.6 Current strategy of apoptotic target drugs targets at extrinsic pathway proteins or intrinsic pathway proteins. Extrinsic and intrinsic pathways are the two most important signaling pathways mediating apoptosis. Extrinsic pathway is mediated by cell surface death receptor and intrinsic is initiated in mitochondria.7 For both the pathways, caspases are the regulatory protein which cleaves a variety of proteins essential for cell survival, such as cytoskeletal proteins and DNA repair proteins.8

Black Horehound (Ballota nigra Linn) Induces Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells (PC-3) Through Intrinsic Signalling Cascade