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Calamondin (Citrus microcarpa Bunge) is a commodity that is widely grown in Indonesia, even promoted by the One Village One Product (OVOP) of calamondin in Bengkulu1. However, wastewater from calamondins such as peel, pulp, seeds, and extracted water has not been processed into products which has a high sale value2. Calamondin contains vitamin C 7.3 gr, vitamin A 57.4 mg IU, calcium 8.4 mg, water 15.5 gr, potassium 37 mg, and fiber 1.2 gr. Calamondin peel contains essential oils, 0.15% ascorbic acid, and 5.5% citric acid3. Calamondin peels and leaves contain about 1.2% and 0.93% volatile oil4. The study results of Cheong et al., dichloromethane and hexane extracts from calamondin, identified 79 compounds representing 98% of compounds that evaporate with N-methylantranylate were the most detected compounds. Methanol extract contains a lot of phenolic acids, especially p-Coumaric and ferulic acid5. The study results of Bhat et al., stated that calamondin contains flavonoids around 1.41 mg / 100 mL with antioxidant capacity around 777 mg / 100 mL and ascorbic acid around 40.2 mg / 100 mL6. The main flavonoid found in calamondin is hesperidin7. Hesperidin has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activity8. One of the potentials of hesperidin can be developed as a chemotherapy drug because it has been known to have a cytotoxic effect. The research of Adam et al., showed that hesperidin can increase the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin9. The combination of hesperidin and vitamin C can overcome blood flow disorders and accelerate the healing of bruises10. Hesperidin has anti-hyperglycemic potential and improves heart function in mice with type two diabetes mellitus11, an antibacterial activity, such as against Helicobacter pylori12.

Standardization Study of Simplicia and Extract of Calamondin (Citrus microcarpa Bunge) Peel, Quantification of Hesperidin and Antibacterial Assay