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Dental caries (tooth decay) is an important oral infection, which is commonly found in people at any age. In Thailand, the incidence of dental caries was reported at 66-90% in 2007.1 Although many types of bacteria are found to be involved in the etiology of dental caries, Streptococcus mutans, gram-positive acid-producing cocci, is a major causative agent of dental caries in humans.2 The virulence of S. mutans involves its crucial cariogenic properties, including biofilm formation, surface adherence and acid production. The formation of bacterial biofilm or dental plaque on the tooth surface plays an important role in the pathogenesis of dental caries. The biofilm-forming bacteria can metabolize fermentable carbohydrates, especially sucrose into acid, which aggressively dissolve the mineral components of tooth structure. These lead to tooth demineralization, which subsequently results in dental caries. Dental caries can be treated by using several dental procedures, including tooth filling, root canal treatment and antibacterial therapy. Nonetheless, these methods need to be performed exclusively by the dentist. The preventions of dental caries by tooth brushing and using mouthwash and dental floss, are thus the better strategy to tackle dental caries. Some chemicals such as chlorhexidine and triclosan, are used in oral health-care products to eradicate acid-producing bacteria and prevent dental caries. However, there are some limitations of these agents such as tooth discoloration, oral and gastrointestinal irritations, and taste disturbance. The overuse of these substances may also destroy the normal flora and give rise to superinfection and antibacterial resistance.3 Therefore, using herbal products with anti-cariogenic activity is an interesting alternative for the prevention of dental caries.

Effects of the Ethanolic Extracts of Guava Leaves, Licorice Roots and Cloves on the Cariogenic Properties of Streptococcus mutans