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Wound can be defined as an injury of living tissue or damage in the epithelial integrity of the upper layer of skin, which may further lead to disturbance in skin anatomy, physiology and their function.1 Wounds are the major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Wound is the result of accidental damage, which may be susceptible to bacterial and other pathogens that provides an entry point for systemic infections.2 Chronic wounds affects the quality of life especially in older adult population.3 Wound healing is a systematic process leading to the restoration of injured tissues.4 It can be described as regeneration of the injured connective tissue of wounds followed by proliferation and migration of dermal and epidermal cells, and matrix synthesis.5 Healing of wounds depends on factors such as repairing ability of the tissue, type and extent of damage and general state of the health of the tissue.3 However, wound healing drugs are still unsatisfactory due to their high cost, low availability, and various side effects.6 Medicinal plants have been used in the treatments of several diseases and such traditional medicines are still widely practiced today.7 Therefore, herbal medicine would be useful as therapeutic or even in the prevention of chronic wounds due to common belief that they are safe, reliable, clinically effective, low cost and better tolerated by patients.8 Selaginellabryopteris Linn. Bak is commonly known as ‘Sanjeevani’. The Indian tribal communities mainly use it as a strength tonic in improving fitness and to extend lifespan9,10 and used as a major ingredient in local pills for the treatment of patient with spermatorrhoea, venereal diseases, constipation, colitis, indigestion and urinary problems (diuretic). It is also treat patients who are unconscious, and to lower the body temperature in patient with fever.11,12 All parts of this plant are considered to be a good source of large number of bioactive substances. The important natural compounds in this plant are characteristic flavonoiddimers, bioflavonoids.13 Earlier phytochemical analysis of S. bryopteris showed the presence of 2,3-dihydrohinokiflavone, tetrahydro-hinokiflavon, 2,3-dihydroamentoflavone, tetrahydroamento flavone, lanaroflavone, sciadopitysin, sequoiaflavone, hinokiflavone, 2׳׳, 3׳׳dihydroamento flavone and tetra-o-methyl-hinokiflavone.14 The herb also possesses chemo-preventive and anti-carcinogenic property14,15 anti-stress,16 memory enhancement,17 anti-diabetic activity,18 anti-depressant activity19 and antimicrobial.20 Many plants are used in tribal and folklore medicine across many countries for the treatment of wound and burns. These natural agents induce healing and regeneration of the lost tissue by multiple mechanisms. The presence of various life-sustaining constituents or potential bioactive principle(s) in plants has urged scientific community ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to determine wound healing activity of ethanolic extract of Selaginella bryopteris on rats. The whole plant of S. bryopteris Linn. was collected from Andhra Pradesh, India and extraction was done using ethanol. GC-MS analysis was performed to determine active metabolites present in the extract followed by determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. In vivo wound healing activity of ethanolic extract was evaluated using excision wound model. The extract was applied topically on animals by preparing ointment in two concentrations (5% and 10%) where soframycin (10%) was taken as positive control. Antioxidant activity of S. bryopteris extract was observed by measuring oxidative enzymatic levels i.e. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), reduced Glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in animal tissues. Histopathological studies of excised skin were carried out after the experimental period. The contraction rate of the wound was higher and dose-dependent in rats treated with 5% and 10 % ointment of extract in comparison to untreated control group. The drug treated groups showed recovery phase and the percentage of healing was more in 10% at the end of experimental period. Results exhibited sufficient insights on the healing process with normal recovery stages and restored oxidative enzymatic levels. Histopathological findings provided additional positive results; the dermis with proliferating capillaries and skeletal muscle were replaced by cellular fibrous tissue and collagen fibers. Overall, the results showed that ethanolic extract of S.bryopteris was an interesting traditional agent that possess significant wound healing activity.

Wound Healing Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Selaginella Bryopteris on Rats