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Protozoa are one of the three chief types of parasites that lead to diseases in humans. Protozoan Infections are contagious and can be transmitted via the fecal-oral route.1,2 Blood protozoa can be transmitted through a third source such as insects.3 There are four main groups of protozoa according to how they move. That includes the sarcodina (ameba), mastigophora (flagellates), ciliophora (ciliates) and the Sporozoa.4,5 Many parasitic diseases are known to clinicians and public health professionals, which includes trichomoniasis, babesiosis, malaria, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, african sleeping sickness, giardiasis and amoebiasis.6 Giardiasis is transmitted through oral contact and caused by Giardia lamblia and known as intestinal protozoan diseases.7 Amoebiasis is caused by sarcodina group of protozoa (Such as Entamoeba histolytica) that invade body tissues.8,9 The ailments triggered by protozoan parasite are accountable for substantial mortality and morbidity, distressing more than 500 million of the world population. The epidemiological management of protozoan is insufficient due to complicatedness of vector and reservoir control; while the progress in the development of protozoan vaccine is slow and arduous. Currently, the chemotherapy stays necessary constituent of both clinical management and disease control programmer in prevalent areas. The medications in utilization as anti-protozoan agents were discovered over 60 years and a number of issues limit their usefulness such as: high cost, drug resistance, poor compliance, low effectiveness and deprived safety. Recently, the searches for new drugs against protozoa parasite have been increased and more interest has been put on the traditional medicine, especially herbal remedies.10,11 Seeds’ oil of Nigella sativa (Ranunculaceae), is widely used as a food and cure.12,13 Experimental studies confirmed that the plant is respiratory stimulant, diuretic, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial and analgesic. Previous phytochemical reports showed that the seed contain alkaloids, tannins, steroids and flavonoids.13-15 Thymoquinone (TQ), an active ingredient of Nigella sativa, has been reported to exhibit anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimcrobial and anti-tumor activities. The current study was designed to assess the Effects of thymoquinone on Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia.

Antimicrobial Effects of Thymoquinone on Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia.