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The knowledge of genetic diversity of wheat genotypes based on DNA and protein polymorphism is very important for breeding programs (MAS). The objective of this study was to assess the genetic variability among twenty – four European cultivars of common wheat using SDS – PAGE and RAPD techniques. Protein electrophoreses showed 31 polymorphic bands with 63.2% polymorphism. Genetic similarity based on Jaccard´s coefficient ranged from 0.067 to 0.933. Also twelve different Glu – 1 encoded allelic variants were identified among these 24 genotypes resulting from combination of 3 alleles of Glu – 1A, 7 of Glu – 1B and 2 of Glu – 1D loci. One novel allelic variant 6.5+7.5 at the Glu – 1B locus was identified. RAPD analysis showed that the number of polymorphic amplicons was 56 out of a total of 63 amplicons, thus revealing a level of 37.56% polymorphism. Maximum level of polymorphism (55.8%) was observed for the primer OPA – 03 and minimum one for OPD – 08 (13.8%). Genetic similarity based on Jaccard´s coefficient ranged from 0.396 to 0.805. As a result of this investigation, might be expected that the SDS – PAGE using protein markers and RAPD – PCR using DNA markers would be a useful tool for assessment of genetic diversity among wheat genotypes.Znalosť genetickej diverzity genotypov pšenice na báze DNA a bielkovinového polymorfizmus je pre šlachtiteľské programy (MAS) veľmi dôležitá. Cieľom tejto štúdie bolo detegovať genetickú diverzitu 24 európskych genotypov pšenice letnej formy ozimnej použitím SDS – PAGE a RAPD techník. SDS – PAGE zásobných proteínov preukázal 31 polymorfných znakov s 63,2% polymorfizmom. Identifikovaných bolo 12 alelických variánt na lokuse Glu – 1, a to 3 alely na lokuse Glu – 1A, 7 na lokuse Glu – 1B and 2 na Glu – 1D lokuse. Na lokuse Glu – 1B bola identifikovaná nova alela 6,5+7,5. Genetická podobnosť na základe Jaccardovho koeficientu sa pohybovala v rozmedzí od 0,067 do 0,933. RAPD analýza ukázala 56 polymorfných z celkového počtu 63 amplikónov (37,56% polymorfizmus). Maximálna úroveň polymorfizmu (55,8%) bola pozorovaná primerom OPA – 03 a minimálna primerom OPD - 08 (13,8%). Genetická podobnosť na základe Jaccardovho koeficientu sa pohybovala v rozmedzí od 0,396 do 0,805. Výsledky dokumentujú, že SDS – PAGE a RAPD – PCR techniky sú užitočným nástrojom pre posúdenie genetickej diverzity genotypov pšenice letnej

Genetic diversity of European cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based on RAPD and protein markers