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In plant tissue cultures, the metabolites of interest are most frequently accumulated in cells without secretion, and thus the continuous production of the metabolites during cultures is greatly limited.To overcome this problem, several procedures to leak out the intracellular products from plant cells have been proposed including the addition of inorganic chemicals or organic solvents to cultures and exposure of cells to electricity1,2).Shimomura et al. 3) reported that in the culture of Lithospermum erythrorhizon hairy roots, the addition of liquid paraffin promoted the extracellular production of shikonin pigment.They also proposed an air-lift reactor equipped with an adsorbent column for the continuous production of the pigment by the hairy roots. In our previous papers4,5), it was reported that red beet hairy roots released pigment from the cells into medium when the roots were kept under 02-deficient condition.In the present research, the hairy roots were cultivated using a column-type reactor where direct aeration was not conducted and instead 02-enriched medium was circulated.As a gradient of dissolved 02 (DO) concentration in medium is generated in this reactor through 02 uptake by the hairy roots, pigment release is expected to occur from the roots existing at the location of reduced DO concentration in the medium. In all experiments, the hairy roots of red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 infection4) were cultivated in Murashige-Skoog medium6) containing 18 g/l fructose

Culture of Red Beet Hairy Roots in a Column-type Reactor Associated with Pigment Release.