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To induce somaclonal variations related to plant yield, adventitious buds were directly regenerated from immature flowerheads of a selected line A of the 'Aichi Wase Fuki' of Japanese butterbur (Petasites japonicus). Among the 280 independent regenerants obtained from 300 immature flowerheads, about 2/3 were regenerated within 90 d of culture. The total yield of the randomly selected 50 lines among the early regenerants ranged from 13.8 to 21.6 kg m  2 (average: 18.2 kg m  2 ) in the field, and a high correlation (r 0.869) was observed between the total yield and the period required for the third leaf initiation in flowerhead culture. A high correlation (r 0.923) was also observed between the yield in the field and the fresh weight of rhizomes at 3 months of culture in the greenhouse. Since the yield of the original line A was 16.4 kg m  2 , direct adventitious bud regeneration is a useful technique for inducing high yielding variants in Japanese butterbur, which might be efficiently selected by monitoring the period required for third leaf initiation and the weight of rhizomes.

Efficient selection of a high-yield line by using somaclonal variation in Japanese butterbur (<i>Petasites japonicus</i>)