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The interspecific hybrids were successfully obtained from different cross combinations between 12 cultivars (8 diploids and 4 tetraploids) of Begonia semperflorens (section Begonia) and B. pearcei (section Eupetalum) by in vitro culture of mature and immature seeds on MS medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962) containing 30 g l−1 sucrose, 0.1 mg l−1 α-naphthylacetic acid, 0.1 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine, 2.5 g l−1 gellan gum, and 10 mg l−1 gibberellic acid. Although all the cross combinations yielded plantlets at the plantlet yielding efficiency of 0.1–2.6/ovary in the culture of mature seeds, some cross combinations gave higher plantlet yields up to 5.7/ovary when immature seeds of 12–16 days after pollination were cultured. The plantlets obtained were confirmed their hybridity through flow cytometric analysis and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. In the crosses using diploid B. semperflorens hybrids with normal genome combinations (SP genome) and chromosome doubled hybrids with SSPP genome were obtained, whereas only normal triploid hybrids (SSP genome) were produced from the cross with tetraploid B. semperflorens. Some flowered hybrids of SP and SSP genomes showed intermediate flower colors between the parents such as apricot, cream and light yellow colors, suggesting the expression of yellow flower color of B. pearcei. Although the pollen fertility of those interspecific hybrids was sterile, they are expected to utilize as the important breeding materials to produce yellow flower cultivars of B. semperflorens after restoring the fertility by chromosome doubling treatments.

Interspecific hybridization of Begonia semperflorens (section Begonia) with B. pearcei (section Eupetalum) for introducing yellow flower color