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BACKGROUND: Central European countries belonging to the former "communist bloc" show specificities and even unique things which should not be ignored in research and preventive measures. In addressing health issues it is desirable to observe the developmental patterns in economically developed countries to avoid easily predictable negative aspects in the development of population health. Therefore it is necessary to specify associations between gender, age, occupational classification, education, etc., and lifestyles in different conditions and environments. Simultaneously it is necessary maintain specific features of environment that are consistent with active lifestyles and encourage people to maintain high walkability. AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze physical activity of the Czech population with regard to the size of the community and observe regional differences in physical activity (PA) in men and women. METHODS: To determine the weekly level of PA we used randomized data set of 8256 inhabitants of the Czech Republic (3678 men and 4578 women). All respondents were reached personally by trained distributors (college students) to participate in a research study using the Czech version of the IPAQ questionnaire (also as a part of ANEWS). Data collection was carried out regularly in Spring (March-May) and Autumn (September- November) periods from 2005 to 2009. Region of the Capital City of Prague has been excluded from the regional analysis. RESULTS: Regional comparisons of total weekly PA shows the minimum differences within the Czech Republic [H(15, 8256) = 103,55; p < 0,001; &#951;2 = 0,01]. The lowest level of PA show both men and women in Ustecky and Moravskoslezsky region, highest level of PA represent population of the region consisted from regions Pardubicky, Kralovehradecky and Vysocina. Size of the community has a significant impact on the overall weekly PA in adult population of the Czech Republic. The results confirm the trend that smaller places produce higher level of PA in their populations. This factor is reflected both in men and women and can be taken as specificity in PA of the Czech population [H(7, 8256) = 162,68; p < 0,001; &#951;2 = 0,02]. CONCLUSION: Women have on average more than 5000 MET-min/week, males have more than 6000 MET-min/week. Physical activity of the population in all regions of the Czech Republic is balanced. Residents of smaller communities reported the highest level of total weekly PA. Due to specific structure of region Prague data from there were not included into analyzes

Physical activity of adult population in the Czech republic: overview of basic indicators for the period 2005-2009