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The aim of surgical interventions in urinary system stone disease is to remove stones with minimal morbidity. Currently, ureterorenoscopy (URS) is commonly used for the treatment of ureter stones with rapid developments in the technology of endoscopic tools and devices. URS is the first-choice treatment for distal ureteric stones of size ≥10 mm; it has been used successfully for all ureteric stones (1). Although the most effective lithotripsy system is Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy, pneumatic and ultrasonic lithotripsy may also effectively fragment stones (2)

Role of spinal anesthesia in the endoscopic treatment of distal, middle, and proximal ureter stones