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Scientific research is and was at all times a transnational (global)activity. In this respect, it crosses several borders: national, cultural, andideological. Even in times when physical borders separated the scientificcommunity, scientists kept their minds open to the ideas created beyond thewalls and tried to communicate despite all the obstacles. An example of suchactivities in the field of physics is the travel in the year 1838 of a group ofthree scientists through the Western Europe: Andreas Ettingshausen (professorat the University of Vienna), August Kunzek (professor at the University ofLviv) and P. Marian Koller (director of the observatory in Chremsminster, UpperAustria). 155 years later a vivid scientific exchange began between physicistsfrom Austria and Ukraine, in particular, between the Institute for CondensedMatter Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in Lviv and theInstitute for Theoretical Physics of Johannes Kepler University Linz. Thisbecame possible due to the programs financed by national institutions, but ithad its scientific background in already knotted historic scientific networks,when Lviv was an international center of mathematics and in Vienna the 'Schoolof Statistical Thought' arose. Due to the new collaboration, after the breakupof the Soviet Union, Ukraine became the first country to join the MiddleEuropean Cooperation in Statistical Physics (MECO) founded in the early 1970swith the aim of bridging the gap between scientists from the Eastern andWestern parts of Europe separated by the iron curtain.

Crossing borders in the 19th century and now -- two examples of weaving a scientific network